Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices have become popular among endurance athletes with the aim of optimizing carbohydrate intake for performance. Knowledge of unique physiological data such as blood glucose has advantages however the key lies in the ability to correctly respond to the issue if warranted. Blood glucose regulation is complex and is influenced by the varying types and intensities of exercise. It’s far too simplistic and often erroneous to think blood glucose drops with exercise nor should it be blunted post-exercise.

 During intense exercise, blood glucose and insulin levels can rise due to several factors, e.g., adrenaline, an increase in hepatic production, insulin resistance, and a high demand for energy.

 Post-exercise, a surge in glucose and insulin levels brings forth a physiologically advantageous scenario. Intense physical activity enhances glucose uptake in muscle cells via augmented translocation of glucose transporter GLUT4. Simultaneously, insulin sensitivity is heightened, amplifying glucose disposal. This orchestrated interplay fosters swift replenishment of muscle glycogen reserves, vital for sustained performance. Furthermore, the heightened insulin response promotes protein synthesis, supporting muscle repair and growth. This acute metabolic window, characterized by heightened glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity, accentuates post-exertion recovery and adaptation, optimizing overall exercise-induced benefits.

Suffice to say, despite the advanced technology athletes are using, careful monitoring and highly individualized approaches are required to optimize blood glucose levels safely and effectively pre, during and post exercise.